{"id":176159,"date":"2025-11-19T19:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-19T16:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bukvaved.top\/v-chjom-raznica-mezhdu-stenogrammoj-i-kopiej\/"},"modified":"2026-10-28T16:04:52","modified_gmt":"2026-10-28T13:04:52","slug":"what-039-s-the-difference-between-a-transcript-and-a-copy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukvaved.top\/en\/v-chjom-raznica-mezhdu-stenogrammoj-i-kopiej\/","title":{"rendered":"What is the difference between a transcript and a copy?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A copy is a document that replicates the content of the original, rewritten or issued by an authority based on a register, while a duplicate is an exact copy of the original, including its appearance, such as a photocopy, scan, or photograph. Legally, the boundaries are blurred: regulations typically use the term &quot;copy,&quot; but in practice, a certified copy is issued. The value of a document is determined not by its title, but by its <strong>, who issued or certified it<\/strong> .<\/p>\n<p> To sum it up<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> A copy reproduces the original in its entirety, including its appearance (seals, signatures, design), while a duplicate reproduces primarily the content.<\/li>\n<li> The PWN dictionary defines a copy as &quot;a copy or rewritten text of an original document&quot; - these words overlap.<\/li>\n<li> Copies from registers (civil status records, National Court Register, land and mortgage register) are issued by an official or a court and are official documents.<\/li>\n<li> A simple photocopy or a copy made by yourself will not replace the original until it is certified by an authorized person.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2> Transcript and copy \u2013 definitions<\/h2>\n<p> According to <strong>PWN Polish dictionary,<\/strong> A copy is &quot;an exact reproduction of the original,&quot; or, colloquially, a photocopy. A transcript is &quot;a copy or transcribed text of an original document.&quot; Thus, the dictionary considers a transcript to be a broader concept: any copy of a document can be a copy, but a transcript does not necessarily have to be a copy in the visual sense.<\/p>\n<p> In practice, the difference comes down to what exactly is being reproduced. <strong>Copy<\/strong> shows the document in the form in which it exists: with handwritten signatures, seals and corrections. <strong>Duplicate<\/strong> It mainly conveys content, often in a different graphic format \u2013 for example, a handwritten contract or a printout of data from a registry.<\/p>\n<h2> Copy as an official document.<\/h2>\n<p> The word &quot;copy&quot; is most often used in relation to documents issued by courts and clerks based on their registries. Such a copy is not a paper copy, but a new document containing data from the registry.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <strong>A copy of the civil status registration record<\/strong> (Birth, Marriage, Death) is issued by the Civil Registry Office. An abridged copy contains the basic information, while a full copy includes the full text of the record, along with any changes made. A multilingual abridged copy is also available for use abroad.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Extract from the National Court Register (NCR)<\/strong> \u2013 current or complete. A printout downloaded independently from the Ministry of Justice&#039;s search engine has the same legal force as a document issued by the Central Information Bureau of the Legislative Assembly (Article 4, Section 4aa of the Legislative Assembly Law).<\/li>\n<li> <strong>A copy of the land and mortgage register<\/strong> \u2013 contains information from the register maintained by the court.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p> Notarial documents constitute a separate category. The notary draws up <strong>extracts, copies and excerpts<\/strong> . A copy of a notarial deed has the legal force of the original (Article 109 of the Law on Notaries) \u2013 it is usually required, for example, in matters concerning real estate.<\/p>\n<h2> A certified copy and extract have legal force.<\/h2>\n<p> A photocopy or handwritten copy does not, in itself, have the same legal force as the original. They acquire evidentiary value only after <strong>certification as a true copy<\/strong> . The Law on Notaries (Article 96) defines notarial acts as the certification of an original copy, extract, or duplicate along with the submitted document.<\/p>\n<p> In administrative proceedings, a copy of a document may be submitted in lieu of the original if it is certified as authentic by a notary or the party&#039;s attorney, legal adviser, patent attorney, or tax consultant (Article 76a, \u00a7 2 of the Administrative Procedure Code). However, the agency may request the original if the situation so requires. Similar rules are contained in the Civil Procedure Code. In both cases, the regulation refers to a &quot;copy,&quot; but in practice, this is usually a photocopy with a certification clause.<\/p>\n<p> Some institutions (e.g., employers and universities) certify copies upon presentation of the original. The rules vary depending on specific regulations and procedures\u2014it&#039;s best to check with the recipient before submitting the documents, and in case of dispute, consult a lawyer.<\/p>\n<h2> Comparison table: copy or duplicate<\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th> Characteristic<\/th>\n<th> Copy<\/th>\n<th> Copy<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<\/tbody>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td> <strong>What plays?<\/strong><\/td>\n<td> First of all, the content of the document.<\/td>\n<td> Contents and appearance (signatures, seals, design)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> <strong>Method of preparation<\/strong><\/td>\n<td> Rewriting text or entering data from a register<\/td>\n<td> Copier, scanner, camera<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> <strong>Who usually prepares?<\/strong><\/td>\n<td> Office, court, notary or the interested party itself<\/td>\n<td> Anyone who has access to the original<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> <strong>Typical examples<\/strong><\/td>\n<td> Copy of birth certificate, extract from the National Court Register, extract from the Land and Mortgage Register.<\/td>\n<td> A photocopy of the diploma, a scanned copy of payment confirmation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> <strong>Application of legal force without certification<\/strong><\/td>\n<td> A copy issued by an official or a court is an official document; a private copy is not available.<\/td>\n<td> Less powerful than the original.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td> <strong>Certificate of Conformity<\/strong><\/td>\n<td> Possibly (notary, representative of a professional organization)<\/td>\n<td> Possibly (notary, representative of a professional organization)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2> When is an extract from the register necessary and when is a copy sufficient?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li> <strong>The office is asking for a &quot;copy of the certificate&quot;\u00ab<\/strong> - This is a document from the registry office, not a photocopy of the certificate you have at home.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>The bank or contractor requires a &quot;copy from the National Court Register&quot;\u00ab<\/strong> \u2014 a free printout from the National Court Register search engine is usually sufficient, unless the institution requires a different form.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>In official or court proceedings, you provide documents<\/strong> \u2013 original or copy certified by a notary or a representative of a professional organization.<\/li>\n<li> <strong>Recruitment, internal documentation, home archive<\/strong> \u2014 a simple copy or scan may be sufficient, but ultimately the decision is made by the recipient.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2> Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)<\/h2>\n<p> <strong>What is the difference between a transcript and a copy?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p> A copy is an exact reproduction of the original, including its appearance, while a duplicate is an exact reproduction of its content. A copy may also be a document issued by an official or court based on a registry, such as a birth certificate or an extract from the National Court Register.<\/p>\n<p> <strong>Can a photocopy be considered a transcript?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p> In legal terminology, this is often the case. The Code of Administrative Procedure refers to a &quot;copy of a document,&quot; but in practice, a certified copy is provided. Without certification, a photocopy is no substitute for the original.<\/p>\n<p> <strong>Who can certify a copy or extract as a true copy of the original?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p> A notary is always present. In administrative proceedings, a representative of the party, who may be a lawyer, legal adviser, patent attorney, or tax consultant, also acts. Some institutions certify copies themselves upon presentation of the original.<\/p>\n<p> <strong>What is the difference between an extract and a copy of a notarial deed?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p> A copy of a notarial deed has the legal force of the original (Article 109 of the Notarial Deed). The original remains with the notary, and the parties receive copies. The law grants a copy the legal force of the original, so a copy is usually required in official matters.<\/p>\n<p> <strong>What is the difference between a reduced and a full tax deduction?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p> An abridged copy of a marital status record contains basic information (e.g., first name, last name, date and place of birth, and parental information). A full copy replicates the entire content of the record, including any subsequent comments and changes.<\/p>\n<h2> See also<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li> What is the difference between a power of attorney and an official mandate?<\/li>\n<li> What is the difference between a company and an enterprise?<\/li>\n<li> What is the difference between a lawyer and an attorney?<\/li>\n<li> What is the difference between priority mail and registered mail?<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A copy is a document that repeats the contents of the original, rewritten or issued by an authority on the basis of a register, whereas a duplicate is an exact<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":176160,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[67,20],"tags":[70],"class_list":["post-176159","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vopros-otvet","category-fakty","tag-chem-otlichaetsya"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukvaved.top\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176159","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukvaved.top\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukvaved.top\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukvaved.top\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukvaved.top\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=176159"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bukvaved.top\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176159\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":176161,"href":"https:\/\/bukvaved.top\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176159\/revisions\/176161"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukvaved.top\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/176160"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bukvaved.top\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=176159"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukvaved.top\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=176159"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bukvaved.top\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=176159"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}